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| Radius |
| The measurement from the center of a circle to the circumference; half the diameter. |
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| Rag rolling |
| Process of rolling a loosely wound rag down a glazed surface in vertical columns. Creates a soft, repetitive pattern. |
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| Rag-rolling off |
| A technique in which paint or glaze is removed from a surface using a rolled-up piece of cloth that is lifted off in a rhythmic pattern. |
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| Ragging |
| A painting technique that uses a crumbled piece of cloth to apply or remove small amounts of wet paint to create a pattern or texture. |
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| Ragging off |
| The technique in which paint is pulled from a surface with a bunched-up cloth. Sometimes called cheeseclothing. |
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| Ragging on |
| The technique in which paint is applied to a surface using a bunched-up cloth. |
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| Raised panel |
| A board with bevels on all four sides of one face so that stock is thicker in the center than at its perimeter. |
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| Raising the grain |
| A process of damping the surface of wood with water to bring up or lift small fibers for final smooth sanding. |
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| Raw sienna |
| One of the native colors, raw sienna is an earthy yellow-brown made from clay containing iron and aluminum oxides, which is found in the area of Tuscany around Siena. |
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| Raw umber |
| One of the native colors, raw umber is a cool brown made from a clay containing iron oxides and manganese dioxide, originally from the Italian region of Umbria. |
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| Reach-in closet |
| The conventional bedroom clothes closet, measuring at least 24 inches deep and, for each person using it, a minimum of 60 inches wide. |
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| Reaction test |
| A test used to predetermine the effect that an adhesive, cleaning solution or wallpaper-removing solution may or may not have on a specific wallpaper or wall surface. |
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| Reactive diluent |
| A viscosity reducer for coatings which has low volatility and will become a permanent part of the coating through chemical reaction, usually under ambient conditions. It is used in high solids coatings to reduce the loss of organic solvents into the atmosphere. |
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| Ready-mix concrete |
| Wet concrete that is transported from a concrete supplier in a cement truck with a revolving drum. The concrete is ready to pour. |
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| Reamalgamated finish |
| A previously alligatored or roughened finish that has been made level by rubbing the surface with solvent that melts the finish and allows it to dry smooth. |
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| Receding colors |
| The cool colors. They make surfaces seem farther from the eye. |
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| Recess |
| A shallow depression drilled in wood to allow the head or threaded end of a through-bolt to be flush with the wood surface. |
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| Recommended span |
| The distance a piece of lumber can safely traverse without being supported underneath. |
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| Red label goods |
| Flammable or explosive materials with flash points below 100°F |
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| Red ochre |
| One of the basic pigments, red ochre is a red tinged slightly with violet, made from clay containing iron oxide. |
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| Reducer |
| A fitting used to join two pipes of different diameters. |
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| Reducer strip |
| Trim used to make a smooth transition between varying floor heights or materials. |
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| Redwood |
| A straight-grain weather-resistant wood used for outdoor building. |
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| Refined white beeswax |
| Derived from natural beeswax, this product produces an elegant, lustrous finish that doesn't yellow. |
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| Reflectance levels |
| Refers to the amount of light that is reflected from a colored surface, such as a tile wall or painted surface. Some colors reflect light, others absorb it. |
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| Reflection |
| A process by which incident light leaves a surface or medium from the side on which it is incident. |
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| Refraction |
| The bending of light rays passing from one medium into another having a different index of refraction. |
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| Registration marks |
| Small holes cut into a stencil with more than one layer, which allow you to match up the different layers. |
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| Relative humidity |
| The ratio (%) of the amount of moisture in the air compared to what it could hold if saturated at the temperature involved. |
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| Relative leveling |
| A measure of the ability of a coating to flow out after application so as to obliterate any surface irregularities, such as brush marks or orange peel or peaks and craters which have been produced by the mechanical process of applying the coating. |
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| Resin |
| A category of solid or semisolid, viscous substances, both natural (rosin, amber, copal) and synthetic (polyvinyl, polystyrene). Resins are important ingredients in varnishes used to finish wood surfaces. |
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| Respirator |
| A filter device with a replaceable cartridge worn over the nose and mouth to remove irritants (dust and toxic pollutants) from the air. |
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| Retarder additive |
| Used to lengthen the cure time of adhesives and grouts. |
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| Retreating colors |
| Generally cool, pale hues that seem to recede from the viewer. Retreating colors can foster spatial illusions and make objects less obtrusive. |
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| Rheology |
| Measurement of the viscosity of a fluid under different conditions. |
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| Ribs |
| Raised ridge in the finish caused by heavy brush marks which were not sanded or rubbed from underneath coats before finishing coats were applied. |
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| Roller |
| A paint application tool having a revolving cylinder covered with fabric, foamed plastic, or other materials. |
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| Roller coating |
| Method of applying coatings by means of rubber or steel rolls. |
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| Room continuity |
| The continuous flowing of wallpaper patterns and colors from one room to another. |
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| Rosette |
| Circular or oval ornamental plaque that serves as a terminus for vertical casings. |
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| Rosin |
| Natural resin obtained from pine oleoresin after removal of the volatile fractions. Two general kinds of rosin are commercially available: gum rosin obtained from living trees, and wood rosin obtained from dead wood, such as stumps and knots. Tall oil rosin, a by-product of the paper industry, is a chemically similar material. |
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| Rotary disk sander |
| Hand-held machine to which an abrasive sanding disk is attached. Used to remove large areas of paint on flat surfaces. |
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| Rottenstone |
| A fine powder abrasive made by crushing decomposed limestone. Rottenstone and oil are used as a fine finishing polish. |
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| Rough-surface painter |
| A combination brush and paint pad, this tool is useful for painting rough shingles and masonry. Short bristles resemble a scrub brush. |
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| Round fitches |
| Round brushes with firm but flexible bristles. They are used for spattering, stippling and stenciling. |
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| Rout |
| The removal of material by cutting, milling or gouging, to form a groove. |
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| Router |
| A power tool that is shaped like a cannister and has a bit protruding from the bottom. A router is used to do such things as making grooves, dadoes and rabbets, and mortising door hinges. |
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| Row running cutter |
| A knife for cutting carpeting. It follows the rows of pile. |
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| Rubbing |
| Process of leveling and flatting a dried coating film by rubbing it, either wet or dry and usually with a suitable abrasive, to remove nibs and other irregularities and to provide a surface with a suitable key for subsequent coating. |
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| Rubbing oil |
| A pale, medium heavy mineral oil used with pumice stone or other abrasives as a lubricant for rubbing the dried film of finishing materials. |
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| Runs |
| Uneven flow or leveling of paint resulting in sags. Caused by applying too much paint at one spot or spray painting too close to surface. |
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| Rust |
| A corrosion product consisting primarily of hydrated iron oxide. |
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| Rust inhibitors |
| Chemicals added to special paints intended for metal surfaces that may corrode. |
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